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Enriqueta Martí i Ripollés (1868 – 12 May 1913)〔Date appears in the catalan journal La Vanguardia, ''13th of May'' of 1913, page 3〕 was a Spanish child murderer, kidnapper and procuress of children. ==Social context== In 1912, Barcelona's population was over 587,000, up from 140,000 in the year 1860. The population of the city had swollen in just over fifty years, and the majority of these new residents found themselves in el Chino, the Fifth District, now known as El Raval. Waves of immigration brought peasant and proles to "The Pearl of the Mediterranean," a hopeful title for that region of the city, while the unfortunate truth was that among other things, the average life expectancy in Barcelona was 41 years; the infant mortality rate was over 17%. Parents would often hide their sons' births from city authorities; if infectious disease did not kill them as children, young men would only be sent to fight for a foreign occupation in Morocco. The city saw the worst of the Spanish-American War, being the Spanish port that sent the most Spanish soldiers called to war. After 1900, Barcelona sent even more young men to fight and die in Morocco. Crippled and unemployed war veterans and military deserters lived in Barcelona alongside illiterate, destitute immigrants. In the summer of 1909, the city suffered through an explosive, week-long, episode of civil unrest—the Tragic Week began as a general strike of the city proletariat, and later spiraled out of control, resulting in chaotic street fights with city police and the eventual occupation of the port city by national troops. Of the over 6,000 homes found in Barcelona at the time, just over 2,000 were in El Raval. Journalist Josep Maria Huertas wrote that "it was common for forty to fifty people to live in one house." Due to the district's close proximity to the port, hostels and boarding houses abounded, seedy taverns were converted into flophouses and brothels to better serve those coming through. Morphine and alcohol addiction were common in the district. There were frequent knife fights, a large population of adolescent prostitutes, and an estimated 8,000-10,000 street children and child thieves in the streets. Barcelona was allegedly, at the time, the pornography capitol of Europe, exporting pornographic films and postcards to foreign capitols throughout Europe and the Americas. El Raval was then, as well as now, the red-light district. It was also the European port most frequently used to traffic underaged prostitutes to major cities like New York, Rio de Janeiro, and Buenos Aires. Children of the Fifth District who evaded forced prostitution and sex trafficking were often kidnapped and enslaved in sweatshops and ramshackle factories within the district itself and it was not unusual for destitute families to sell their children out of economic desperation.〔(Gayà, Catalina. 2011. ''La Miseria de Siempre''. elPeriódico.com )〕 The folk beliefs regarding the Hombre del saco and el Sacamantecas were still strong among the populace, especially in light of several sensational murderers within the past hundred years; Manuel Blanco Romasanta and Juan Díaz de Garayo influenced this bogeyman figure, and Francisco Leóna's 1910 murder of a seven-year-old boy for his blood and fat to treat the tuberculosis of a wealthy farmer, Francisco Ortega, must have been fresh in the minds of many people〔(Soler Cervantes, Milagros. ''El crimen de Gádor (Almería).'' Retrieved June 18, 2014 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enriqueta Martí」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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